Zhou Bi Suan Jing

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The Zhou Bi Suan Jing (周髀算经) The Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven is one of the oldest and most famous Chinese mathematical texts.

This book dates from the period of the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE—256 BCE). It is an anonymous collection of 246 problems encountered by the Duke of Zhou and his astrologer Shang Gao. Each question has stated their numerical answer and corresponding arithmetic algorithm. This book contains one of the first recorded proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem.

Commentators such as Liu Hui (263 CE), Zu Geng (early sixth century), Li Chunfeng (602–670 CE) and Yang Hui (1270 CE) have expanded on this text.

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