Image:Z-machine480.jpg

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Photo by Randy Montoya (on behalf of US Government laboratory). Courtesy, Sandia National Laboratories.

To view a 2,400 × 1,586-pixel version (1.7 MB, hosted by Sandia National Laboratories), click here.

[edit] Summary

Z-pinch at Sandia National Laboratories Z machine. Due to the extremely high voltage, the power feeding equipment is submerged in concentric chambers of 540,000 gallons of transformer oil and 600,000 gallons of deionized water, which act as insulators. However, the electromagnetic pulse generated when discharging the electrical energy to fire the Z machine causes impressive lightning, referred to as “arcs and sparks,” which can be seen around all conducting materials in the room.

This particular digitally enhanced rendition of Sandia’s original press release image was uploaded by User:Greg L and was provided in order to preserve the original’s overall appearance at a reduced size of only 440 pixels horizontally. This was necessary due to the image’s extremely high contrast ratio at high spatial frequencies as well as the very dark shades in its upper corners.

[edit] Licensing

Sandia National Laboratories does not freely license their images. Permission to use this image in Wikipedia articles had been granted by Neal Singer, Sandia National Laboratories’ Media Relations spokesperson, via e-mail to Brian0918, at 10:03AM EST on 14 March 2005 stated as follows: "hi Brian, encyclopedia articles are fine. We only require a credit in the form, 'Courtesy, Sandia National Laboratories,' thanks, Neal." Since 19 April 2005 however, Wikipedia policy is to not accept permission-only images. Accordingly…

Fair Use Rationale:

  • This Z machine image is available here only at a highly limited, Web-based resolution (440 pixels with no higher resolution available).
  • This image is a derivative of Sandia National Laboratories’ original press release image, as linked to from within their 8 March 2006 press release, and has less than 3.4% the number of pixels as the original.
  • As Sandia National Laboratories is a national laboratory and public access is restricted, freely available, alternative images of Z machine test shots are not readily available.
  • Although Sandia National Laboratories might possess other images showing the machine between shots, this particular image, which shows the Z machine during a shot, illustrates the enormous power required to achieve high temperatures.
  • In the Thermodynamic temperature, this image is used in an informational, encyclopedic manner to illustrate how the greatest man-made temperature was achieved in a bulk quantity of matter
  • This image is not unduly exploited since, as used in the Thermodynamic temperature article, this image is one of more than a dozen images that help illustrate the broader encyclopedic topic of temperature.
  • The copyright holder’s claimed rights are preserved to the maximum available extent via attribution in the image’s caption (“Courtesy, Sandia National Laboratories”).

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeDimensionsUserComment
current21:42, 21 June 2007440×291 (276 KB)Foant (Talk | contribs) (Reverted to earlier revision)
21:42, 21 June 2007480×317 (287 KB)Foant (Talk | contribs) (Reverted to earlier revision)
04:35, 13 August 2006440×291 (276 KB)Greg L (Talk | contribs) (Z-pinch at Sandia National Laboratories Z machine. Due to the extremely high voltage, the power feeding equipment is submerged in concentric chambers of 540,000 gallons of transformer oil and 600,000 gallons of deionized water, which act as insulators. Ho)
04:30, 11 July 2006480×317 (287 KB)Greg L (Talk | contribs) (Z-pinch at Sandia National Laboratories Z machine. Due to the extremely high voltage, the power feeding equipment is submerged in concentric chambers of 540,000 gallons of transformer oil and 600,000 gallons of deionized water, which act as insulators. Ho)

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